Computers
in building design
Today, the
process of designing buildings is dominated by computers. Software tools used
in the design phase can automate repetitive calculation and drawing tasks, help find new design
solutions and provide a high degree of precision. This optimisation makes
the design process faster, clearer and more
effective.
The starting point for the
use of computers in the construction
industry was
structural calculations. Civil engineer Konrad Zuse is
considered to be one of the major pioneers in computer technologies. In 1941 he
developed the world's first functional programme-controlled Turing-complete
computer, the Z3. Structural calculations were followed by drawing tools and geographic
information systems.
The origins of Computer
Aided Design (CAD) lie in the aircraft
industry in the 1960s. In the 1980s, these systems also made their
break-through in architecture. Specialised Computer
Aided Architectural Design (CAAD)
software programmes started to improve the drawing process in 2D. In the 1990s,
tools emerged which provided the possibility of 3D drawing and subsequently,
object-oriented design systems were developed.
Today these tools can
create, simulate and analyse construction alternatives for a wide range of
purposes.
Design data produced by specific software tools is used throughout
the life-cycle of a building – from project development through to
refurbishment – and, in addition to architects and engineers, it is used by building
owners, statutory
authorities and contractors.
Essential input for the design phase is provided by location-related
data, which is processed by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tools.
Design ideas are investigated with computer aided architecture tools (CAAD) and
informed by calculation and simulation tools. This interdependence means that
both data production and data communication are enormously important.
There is a broad choice of products for the design phase.
Starting with simple sketch tools through to
sophisticated building
information modelling software.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
GIS systems support the design process through the
preparation of information about the site and geography. Collected data can be
summarised and is available for the designers in real-time.
Direct interfaces of the ess
to
applied GIS systems ensure that corresponding design tools
are given access to this database.
Design documents can be created by CAD tools in 2D, 2½D
and 3D. 2D and 2½D designs can be used for standard building
designs.
3D-software is needed for polyaxial curvatures, varying curves and
dynamic structures. Drawing elements are
vector-based such as points, lines, poly-lines, circles, etc. Textures
simulate materials and depth.
Complete building
elements exist
in specific libraries for the creation of models. These elements can be
specified by various parameters. Linking single elements of this database forms
a connected model with interdependent parts, which means that changes to one
part of the model can influence other parts if necessary. Elevation
drawings,
sectional views and 3D views can be generated as construction drawings. The design data from
these software tools can be exported and imported using various exchange
formats for further use.
Building
Information
Modelling (BIM) is a very broad term
that describes the the process of creating a digital model of a building. The
levels of this form of modelling are categorised as:
Level 2: Managed 3D
environment with data attached, but created in separate discipline models.
Level 3: Single, online,
project model with construction sequencing, cost and lifecycle management
information.
Calculation and simulation
Calculation and
simulation tools allow the dynamic behaviour of complex systems and processes
to be modelled. Such tools supply a fact-based understanding of a design’s form
and physics and, in doing so, sectoral planning in various dimensions are
integrated. The same volumetric data model is integrated into different
calculation and simulation tools. Often calculation and simulation software can
be used as a plug-in tool for the specific CAAD software system, or interfaces
may be used.
Progress made in
software and hardware allows more and more applications for such tools in
calculating and simulating different aspects of a building. Most important is
structural optimisation through the finite element method (FEM) and the
estimation of cost by quantity calculations. Furthermore, simulation and
calculation tools are available for the purposes for illumination,
acoustics, fire prevention, energy
efficiency, ventilation, heating, and so on.
5W1H
•what
can be created with CAD tool ..?
•building
designs. are
vector-based such as points, lines, poly-lines, circles, etc. Textures
simulate materials and depth.
Complete 3D-software is needed for polyaxial curvatures, varying curves
and Design documents can be created to by CADols in 2D, 2½D and 3D.
2D and 2½D designs can be used for standard dynamic structures. Drawing elements building
elements exist
in specific libraries for the creation of models.
•
•Where
CAD is found ..?
•design
automation company in the world, its headquarters are located in California
from Sausali
•Who are the major pioneers
in computer technology ..?
•The starting point for
the use of computers in the construction
industry was
structural calculations. Civil engineer Konrad Zuse is
considered to be one of the major pioneers in computer technologies.
•when computer technology was
first developed..?
•In
1941 he developed the world's first functional programme-controlled
Turing-complete computer, the Z3. Structural calculations were followed by
drawing tools and geographic
information systems
•
•why
the process of designing a building dominated by computer..?
•the
process of designing buildings is dominated by computers. Software tools used
in the design phase can automate repetitive calculation and drawing tasks, help
find new design solutions and provide a high degree of precision. This
optimisation makes the design processfaster, clearer and more
effective.
•
•how
the origins made designd Computer Aide CAD..?
•The origins of Computer
Aided Design (CAD) lie in the aircraft
industry in the 1960s. In the 1980s, these systems also made their
break-through in architecture. Specialised Computer
Aided Architectural Design (CAAD)
software programmes started to improve the drawing process in 2D. In the 1990s,
tools emerged which provided the possibility of 3D drawing and subsequently,
object-oriented design systems were developed.
Verbal sentences
•he developed the world's
first functional programme-controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3
•
•to refurbishment Design
data produced by specific software tools is used throughout the life-cycle of a
building – from project development through – and
• (CAAD) software
programmes started to improve the drawing process in 2D. In the 1990s
Nominal sentences
•3D-software is needed for polyaxial
curvatures, varying curves and Design documents can be created to by CADols in 2D, 2½D and 3D.
2D and 2½D designs can be used for standard dynamic structures. Drawing elements building
elements exist
in specific libraries for the creation of models
•
•GIS systems support
the design process through the
preparation of information about the site and geography.
•
•AUTOCAD is a software
application for computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting, both in 2D and 3D.
These software products developed and sold by Autodesk
•
checked
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